| (a) | Engage in partner, small-group, and whole-class discussion to accomplish a task (e.g., develop a class plan of action). | 
| (b) | Show an understanding of when to speak and when to listen when participating in conversations and in small and whole group discussions. | 
| (c) | Contribute to structured discussion and dialogues to explore perspectives, ideas, and issues and to complete tasks. | 
| (d) | Maintain conversations with classmates and adults and consistently follow guidelines for interacting (e.g., listening to others without interrupting, speaking respectfully to peers, using appropriate language and tone to disagree). | 
| (e) | Exchange ideas and concepts with teacher, peers, and adults. | 
| (f) | Ask questions to sustain and extend interactions. | 
| (g) | Prepare and give oral presentations (e.g., on a topic under study or of personal interest). | 
| (h) | Include appropriate beginning, middle, and ending in presentations (e.g., opening with a formal introduction, concluding with a summation). | 
| (i) | Adjust voice, tone, and language choices to a range of situations. | 
| (j) | Speak clearly and expressively in classroom presentations. | 
| (k) | Use body language and gestures, modification of voice, or facial expressions to respond to the audience. | 
| (l) | Present ideas effectively demonstrating an awareness of audience (e.g., attempt to make the material interesting and appropriate to audience and purpose). | 
| (m) | Perform role plays and dramatizations. | 
| (n) | Share ideas/knowledge in a clear manner, encourage the contributions of others, disagree courteously/sensitively, answer others' questions clearly and politely, and give reasons for opinions. | 
| (o) | Read aloud short poetry or process passages with expression and fluency. | 

