Demonstrate understanding of whole numbers to 100 (concretely, pictorially, physically, orally, in writing, and symbolically) by:

• representing (including place value)
• describing
• skip counting
• differentiating between odd and even numbers
• estimating with referents
• comparing two numbers
• ordering three or more numbers.

([C, CN, ME, PS, R, V])

Demonstrate understanding of addition (limited to 1 and 2-digit numerals) with answers to 100 and the corresponding subtraction by:

• representing strategies for adding and subtracting concretely, pictorially, and symbolically
• creating and solving problems involving addition and subtraction
• estimating
• using personal strategies for adding and subtracting with and without the support of manipulatives
• analyzing the effect of adding or subtracting zero
• analyzing the effect of the ordering of the quantities (addends, minuends, and subtrahends) in addition and subtraction statements.

([C, CN, ME, PS, R, V])

Demonstrate understanding of repeating patterns (three to five elements) by:

• describing
• representing patterns in alternate modes
• extending
• comparing
• creating patterns using manipulatives, pictures, sounds, and actions.

([C, CN, ME, PS, R, V])

Demonstrate understanding of increasing patterns by:

• describing
• reproducing
• extending
• creating patterns using manipulatives, pictures, sounds, and actions (numbers to 100).

([C, CN, ME, PS, R, V])

Demonstrate understanding of equality and inequality concretely and pictorially (0 to 100) by:

• relating equality and inequality to balance
• comparing sets
• recording equalities with an equal sign
• recording inequalities with a not equal sign
• solving problems involving equality and inequality.

([C, CN, R, V])

Demonstrate understanding of non-standard units for linear measurement by:

• describing the choice and appropriate use of non-standard units
• estimating
• measuring
• comparing and analyzing measurements.

([C, CN, ME, R, V])

Demonstrate understanding of non-standard units for measurement of mass by:

• describing the choice and appropriate use of non-standard units
• estimating
• measuring
• comparing and analyzing measurements.

([C, CN, ME, R, V])

Describe, compare, and construct 3-D objects, including:

• cubes
• spheres
• cones
• cylinders
• pyramids.

([C, CN, R, V])

Describe, compare, and construct 2-D shapes, including

• triangles
• squares
• rectangles
• circles.

([C, CN, R, V])

Demonstrate understanding of the relationship between 2-D shapes and 3-D objects. ([C, CN, R, V])

Demonstrate understanding of concrete graphs and pictographs. ([C, CN, PS, R, V])