SI, TPS
| (a) |
Pose and refine testable questions about the operation of simple machines. |
| (b) |
Demonstrate how simple machines (e.g., hammer, screwdriver, pliers, bottle opener, ramp, splitting wedges, and scissors) act to reduce effort, increase the distance a load moves, and/or change the direction of an applied force. |
| (c) |
Select and safely use tools and materials in a manner that ensures personal safety and the safety of others when investigating the characteristics of simple machines. |
| (d) |
Design and carry out an experiment to compare the force needed to lift a load manually with that required to lift it using various simple machines. |
| (e) |
Demonstrate how the position of the fulcrum, the load, and the applied force differs for each of the three classes of levers. |
| (f) |
Determine the relationship between the applied force and the distance the load is moved for each class of lever. |
| (g) |
Compare the operation of wheel and axle mechanisms (e.g., Ferris wheel, bicycle wheel, rolling pin, in-line skate, windmill, and door knob) with the operation of levers. |
| (h) |
Determine the effectiveness of wheel and axle mechanisms (e.g., screwdrivers, wheels, doorknobs, and gear systems) of various diameters, rotational speeds, and rotational directions for accomplishing specific tasks. |
| (i) |
Investigate the relationship between the amount of applied force and the distance that the load is moved in single and multiple pulley systems, including determining the mechanical advantage of the system. |
| (j) |
Explain the operating principles of an inclined plane, such as a ramp or ladder, with reference to the applied load and the distance that the load is moved. |
| (k) |
Design and construct a prototype of a simple machine which is meant to accomplish a student-identified task. |
| (l) |
Evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of a prototype of a simple machine using student-identified criteria, and refine the prototype based on data. |
| (m) |
Create a representation of the characteristics and operating principles of each type of simple machine. |
| (n) |
Recognize that scientific processes and ideas help explain how and why simple machines operate. |
| (o) |
Pose new questions to investigate about the characteristics of simple machines. |
